PENERAPAN SENAM HAMIL SEBAGAI INTERVENSI NON FARMAKOLOGIS UNTUK MENGURANGI NYERI PUNGGUNG PADA IBU HAMIL TRIMESTER III

Abstract

Third-trimester pregnancy is often accompanied by complaints of back pain due to physiological changes and altered body posture. Prenatal exercise is a non-pharmacological method that may help reduce the intensity of back pain in pregnant women. This study aimed to determine the response of a third-trimester pregnant woman before and after receiving a prenatal exercise intervention. The research design used a case study approach based on the nursing process. The subject was one third-trimester pregnant woman experiencing moderate back pain (pain scale 4–6) who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The nursing intervention, in the form of prenatal exercise, was administered for three consecutive days with a duration of 10–15 minutes per session according to the standard operating procedure. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and biophysiological assessments. The results showed a decrease in pain intensity, with the patient reporting a reduction in back pain to 2 out of 10 after the intervention. Non-verbal responses such as grimacing, protective posture, and restlessness also decreased. Prenatal exercise proved effective in reducing back pain in third-trimester pregnant women through mechanisms of muscle relaxation, increased flexibility, and improved body posture. Prenatal exercise may be recommended as a promotive and preventive intervention in antenatal care services.

Abstrak: Kehamilan trimester III sering disertai keluhan nyeri punggung akibat perubahan fisiologis dan postur tubuh. Senam hamil merupakan metode non farmakologis yang dapat membantu menurunkan intensitas nyeri punggung pada ibu hamil. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui respon ibu hamil trimester III sebelum dan sesudah diberikan intervensi senam hamil. Desain penelitian menggunakan studi kasus dengan pendekatan proses keperawatan. Subjek penelitian adalah satu orang ibu hamil trimester III yang mengalami nyeri punggung sedang (skala nyeri 4–6) dan memenuhi kriteria inklusi serta eksklusi. Intervensi keperawatan berupa senam hamil diberikan selama tiga hari berturut-turut dengan durasi 10–15 menit per sesinya sesuai standar operasional prosedur. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, wawancara, dan pemeriksaan biofisiologis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya penurunan tingkat nyeri dan pasien melaporkan intensitas nyeri punggung menurun menjadi 2 dari 10 setelah intervensi. Respon nonverbal berupa ekspresi meringis, sikap protektif, dan gelisah juga berkurang. Senam hamil terbukti efektif dalam menurunkan nyeri punggung pada ibu hamil trimester III melalui mekanisme relaksasi, peningkatan fleksibilitas otot, dan perbaikan postur tubuh. Senam hamil dapat direkomendasikan sebagai intervensi promotif dan preventif dalam pelayanan antenatal care.