PENGARUH EDUKASI ANEMIA TERHADAP KEJADIAN ANEMIAPADA REMAJA PUTRI DI MA DARUL FALAH LUMAJANG

Abstract

Anemia is one of the prevalent health issues commonly experienced by adolescent girls, primarily due to insufficient iron intake and limited awareness regarding anemia prevention. The effects of anemia among adolescents can interfere with learning concentration, productivity, and even physical development. This study seeks to understand the extent to which the provision of knowledge about anemia can influence the health condition of adolescent girls at MA Darul Falah, Selokbesuki Village, Sukodono District, Lumajang Regency. The research employed a pre-experimental design using a one-group pre-test and post-test approach. All adolescent girls identified with anemia, totaling 11 participants, were fully involved through a total sampling technique, ensuring that each individual’s voice and experience were represented in the study. Data were collected by measuring hemoglobin (Hb) levels using an Hb meter. The findings revealed that before the educational intervention, most respondents were categorized as having mild anemia (54.4%). After the education was provided, a notable improvement was observed—marked by a decrease in the proportion of mild anemia and an increase in the number of participants with normal hemoglobin levels, each accounting for 45.5%. The Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test yielded a value of Z = -2.251 with p = 0.024 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant difference between hemoglobin levels before and after the educational intervention. This reduction in anemia scores suggests that anemia education was effective in improving hemoglobin levels and reducing the incidence of anemia. These findings align with the theory that enhancing knowledge through education can heighten adolescents’ awareness of the importance of anemia prevention.

Abstrak

Anemia merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan yang sering dialami oleh remaja putri, terutama akibat kurangnya asupan zat besi dan minimnya wawasan tentang pencegahan anemia. Dampak anemia pada remaja dapat mengganggu konsentrasi belajar, produktivitas, hingga perkembangan fisik. Riset ini berupaya memahami sejauh mana pembekalan pengetahuan tentang anemia mampu memberi dampak terhadap kondisi kesehatan remaja putri di MA Darul Falah, Desa Selokbesuki, Kecamatan Sukodono, Kabupaten Lumajang. Riset ini memanfaatkan rancangan pra-eksperimen dengan metode uji awal dan uji akhir pada satu kelompok. Seluruh remaja putri yang mengalami anemia, sebanyak 11 partisipan, turut serta secara menyeluruh melalui pendekatan total sampling, agar setiap suara dan pengalaman mereka dapat terwakili secara utuh dalam penelitian ini. Data dikumpulkan melalui pengukuran kadar hemoglobin (Hb) menggunakan alat Hb meter. Dari temuan penelitian terlihat bahwa sebelum proses edukasi berlangsung, sebagian besar responden berada dalam kondisi anemia ringan (54,4%). Usai edukasi diberikan, muncul perubahan yang bermakna, ditandai dengan menurunnya proporsi anemia ringan dan meningkatnya jumlah remaja dengan status hemoglobin normal, masing-masing sebesar 45,5%. Hasil uji Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test menunjukkan nilai Z = -2,251 dengan p = 0,024 (p < 0,05), yang berarti terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara kadar Hb sebelum dan sesudah intervensi edukasi. Penurunan skor anemia ini menyiratkan bahwa edukasi anemia efektif dalam meningkatkan kadar hemoglobin dan menurunkan kejadian anemia. Hasil ini sejalan dengan teori bahwa peningkatan pengetahuan melalui edukasi dapat meningkatkan kesadaran remaja terhadap pentingnya pencegahan anemia.