PENGARUH PIJAT OLAHRAGA TERHADAP PEMULIHAN ATLET: TINJAUAN SISTEMATIS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.38165/jk.v16i2.464Keywords:
sport massage, DOMS, athlete recovery, muscle fatigue, pijat olahraga, pemulihan atlet, kelelahan ototAbstract
Sport massage is widely used as a recovery strategy among athletes, yet scientific evidence regarding its effectiveness in reducing delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and fatigue remains inconsistent. This tinjauan sistematis aimed to synthesize current findings on the effects of sport massage on muscle recovery, particularly its immediate impact following exercise. A systematic search was conducted across ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library, and PubMed using predefined Boolean terms. Studies were screened following PRISMA 2020 guidelines and selected based on the PICO framework. six randomized controlled trials with 286 respondents met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed narratively. Sport massage consistently demonstrated beneficial effects in reducing perceived muscle soreness and improving subjective recovery among athletes. However, its impact on objective fatigue markers, muscle performance, and physiological measures varied across studies and appeared less conclusive. The evidence suggests that sport massage mainly supports psychological and perceptual recovery rather than producing substantial improvements in physical performance. Sport massage can be considered an effective complementary recovery method for alleviating DOMS and enhancing athletes perceived recovery.
Abstrak
Pijat olahraga digunakan sebagai strategi pemulihan di kalangan atlet tetapi bukti ilmiah mengenai efektivitasnya dalam mengurangi nyeri otot yang muncul tertunda (DOMS) dan kelelahan masih belum konsisten. Tinjauan sistematis ini bertujuan untuk mensintesis temuan terkini mengenai efek pijat olahraga terhadap pemulihan otot khususnya dampak langsungnya setelah berolahraga. Pencarian sistematis dilakukan di ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library, dan PubMed menggunakan kode Boolean yang telah ditentukan. Studi-studi disaring mengikuti pedoman PRISMA 2020 dan dipilih berdasarkan kerangka PICO. Enam artikel uji coba terkontrol dengan total responden 286 dipilih secara acak memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan dianalisis secara naratif. Pijat olahraga secara konsisten menunjukkan efek yang bermanfaat dalam mengurangi rasa nyeri otot yang dirasakan dan meningkatkan pemulihan subjektif di antara atlet tetapi dampaknya terhadap indikator kelelahan objektif, kinerja otot, dan ukuran fisiologis bervariasi di berbagai penelitian. Bukti ini menunjukkan bahwa pijat olahraga lebih utama mendukung pemulihan psikologis dan perseptual daripada menghasilkan peningkatan substansial pada kinerja fisik atlet. Pijat olahraga dapat dianggap sebagai metode pemulihan tambahan yang efektif untuk mengurangi DOMS dan meningkatkan pemulihan yang dirasakan oleh atlet.
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