TINJAUAN SISTEMATIS: FAKTOR - FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI IMPLEMENTASI EARLY WARNING SCORE (EWS) OLEH PERAWAT DI RUMAH SAKIT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.38165/jk.v11i2.223Abstract
Perawat memainkan peran penting dalam melakukan penilaian dini dan pengelolaan pasien. Beberapa rumah sakit telah menerapkan sistem respon cepat dengan menggunakan alat bantu Early Warning Score (EWS). Alat ini dapat membantu perawat dan dokter dalam melakukan respon secara efektif dan efisien dalam deteksi dini perburukan pasien. Namun penerapan EWS masih terasa belum optimal. Tujuan literatur ini adalah untuk melihat faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi penerapan Early Warning Score (EWS) oleh perawat di rumah sakit. Pencarian literatur dilakukan pada database elektronik yaitu PubMed, Ebsco, Proquest dan Google Scholar dengan kata kunci application, early warning score, related factors dan nurse. Kriteria dalam pencarian literatur adalah literatur dalam Bahasa Inggris yang diterbitkan pada tahun 2009-2019. Penilaian artikel dibuat berdasarkan format PRISMA. Dari 340 publikasi yang diidentifikasi, didapatkan 4 studi yang termasuk kedalam kriteria tinjauan, dua Studi Mix Methode, Studi Kualitatif dan Survey. Hasil telaah studi ditemukan bahwa pengetahuan dan keterampilan perawat dalam mengenali perburukan pasien sangat berpengaruh dalam implementasi EWS. Selain itu, perawat yang mempunyai pengalaman yang lebih biasanya melakukan respon dengan cepat dalam hal tersebut. Sehingga perawat akan melakukan kolaborasi dengan tim medis agar pasien bisa tertangani dengan baik. Kesimpulannya adalah faktor yang mempengaruhi pengaplikasian Early Warning Score (EWS) yaitu pengetahuan perawat tentang EWS, confidence dalam melakukan pengambilan keputusan, pengalaman dalam menangani pasien yang mengalami perburukan, hubungan baik dengan staf medis dan kepatuhan dalam protokol EWS. Oleh karena itu, edukasi berkelanjutan disertai monitoring EWS sangat diperlukan dan dilakukan secara merata bagi perawat.
Kata Kunci: early warning score (EWS), implementasi, faktor terkait, perawat
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Abstract
Nurse plays an important role in conducting early assessment and patient management. Several hospitals have implemented a rapid response system using Early Warning Score (EWS) tool. This tool can assist nurses and doctors in responding effectively and efficiently in early detection of patient deterioration. However, the implementation of the EWS is still not optimal. The purpose of this literature is to examine the factors that influence the implementation of the Early Warning Score (EWS) by nurses in the hospital. Literature searches were carried out on electronic databases such as PubMed, Ebsco, Proquest and Google Scholar with the keywords: application, early warning score, related factors and nurse. Criteria of the literature search was published in 2009-2019 with English literature. The article assessment is based on the PRISMA format. From 340 publications identified, 4 studies were included in the review criteria which consist of two mix method Studies, a qualitative study and a survey. The results of the study found that the knowledge and skills of nurses in recognizing patient deterioration were very influential in implementing EWS. In addition, nurses who have more experience usually respond quickly in this regard. So that nurses will collaborate with the medical team for handling patients properly. The conclusion is the factors that influence the application of Early Warning Score (EWS) are knowledge of nurses about the EWS, confidence in making decisions, experience in handling patients with deterioration, good relations with other medical staff and adherence to EWS protocol. Therefore, continuous education accompanied by EWS monitoring is very necessary and carried out equally for nurses.
Keywords: early warning score (EWS), implementation, related factors, nurse
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